Larger pore volume tetraphenyladamantane-based hybrid porous polymers: Facile Friedel–Crafts preparation,CO2 capture,and Rhodamine B removal properties

Synthesis of covalently linked porous polymers with high surface area and larger pore volume for two or more task-specific functionalities is always a big challenge. In this article, the facile Friedel–Crafts reaction is employed to construct the hierarchical hybrid porous polymers (HPPs) from tetraphenyladamantane and octavinylsilsesquioxane. The resulting polymers, HPP-1 to HPP-3, possessed the surface areas from 1356 to 1511 m² g⁻¹, and the pore volumes from 2.05 to 2.67 cm³ g⁻¹. All these polymers feature micropores, mesopores, and macropores in nature. The resultant polymers exhibit high CO₂ adsorption capacity up to 2.0 mmol g⁻¹ (8.82 wt %), at 273 K, 1.0 bar, and the maximum Rhodamine B (RB) sorption capacity of 653.6 mg g⁻¹. To illustrate the adsorption process, the effects of factors, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, and pH value on the adsorption capacity of RB were studied. The adsorption equilibrium data displayed a better fitting to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich model and the adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The recycle experiments displayed that the capacity recovery was still higher than 95% after four cycles. Theses polymers are promising to be the adsorbents for capturing CO₂ and removing RB. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 136, 48572.     

Fast removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from contaminated water by groundwater treatment waste: impact of sorbent composition

ABSTRACT

A non-hazardous groundwater treatment waste (GWTW) was examined as a low-cost sorbent for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. The content of the dominant elements in GWTW was as follows: 78% Fe₂O₃, 7.4% P₂O₅, 7.4% CaO and 5.2% SiO₂. The removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) was fast, and more than 67–95% of ions were accumulated by GWTW during the first 3 min. The sorption capacity of GWTW depends on solution pH, concentration and temperature. Equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir–Freundlich and Langmuir-partition models. The inherently formed nano-adsorbent could be utilized for the treatment of water contaminated with Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions.     

集成式铁基质生物膜反应器自养反硝化深度脱氮

以污水厂处理水为研究对象，采用铁基质生物载体与生物膜耦合实现高效自养反硝化脱氮。考察停留时间（HRT）对系统脱氮效能的影响，通过动力学及微生物群落结构分析，揭示耦合技术的脱氮机理。结果表明：HRT为8 h，对一级A和一级B污水厂处理水，总氮(TN)平均去除率分别为95.41%和92.55%，TN处理负荷分别为0.48 kg TN/(m³·d）和0.58 kg TN/(m³·d），硝化过程氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)饱和常数分别为1.17 mg/L和0.72 mg/L，反硝化过程硝氮(NO₃^--N)饱和常数分别为0.87 mg/L和0.67 mg/L。出水水质分别达到《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类、Ⅴ类水质标准。铁基质生物载体与生物膜耦合系统中微生物优势菌属为Maritimimonas、Rhodobacter和Sphaerotilus, 均为自养反硝化菌，证实了铁基质生物载体可为自养反硝化菌提供电子，实现生物自养反硝化脱氮。     

DTRO膜和NF膜处理污酸废水研究

针对某冶炼厂污酸废水的水质特点,提出"预处理+膜处理"的工艺路线.重点研究了废水pH值对CO2除钙的影响、铝盐药剂种类和反应pH值对除砷、氟的影响,最后分别采用DTRO膜和NF膜对预处理后的废水进行分盐浓缩.试验结果表明:当废水pH值为9.0时,废水中ρ(Ca)最低为1.0 mg/L.当铝盐与氟砷摩尔比为1.3:1.0,反应pH值为6.0时,砷和氟的去除率分别为59.3%和88.0%.在7.5 MPa压力下,DTRO膜产水率高达88%,对各种盐分截留率均大于94.5%.而NF膜在4.0 MPa压力下,硫酸根离子和氯离子的分盐率在99%以上.     

铜冶炼尾矿砂在污酸废水中固氟除氟的研究

介绍了某铜冶炼厂利用炉渣选铜后产生的尾矿砂对污酸废水进行除氟的试验情况,确定了最佳溶解条件和尾矿砂添加量.该冶炼厂将尾矿砂溶解于含氟污酸中,降低污酸中氟离子的腐蚀活性,并强化废水处理工序的絮凝沉降效果.试验表明:尾矿砂最佳溶解温度为50~60℃,溶解时间为1.0 h,尾矿砂最佳溶解粒径为300~400目,添加量为2.5~3.0 g/L.通过高氟污酸溶解尾矿砂,模拟现有污酸废水全流程处理工艺,中和上清液中ρ(F)在20~25 mg/L,除氟效果较为明显.     

硫酸装置转化换热器泄漏维修的实践

介绍了新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司200 kt/a硫精砂制酸装置转化工序工艺流程及存在的问题。经过分析查找,由于转化工序Ⅲ换热器和Ⅳa换热器存在泄漏,导致转化率偏低。临时停车后采用烟饼初步测出换热器泄漏的大致位置和面积,再采用压缩空气逐根换热管打压试漏,精准找出泄漏的换热管,进行堵头两侧封堵维修,维修后总转化率由99.33%提高到99.60%,氨法尾气脱硫系统氨耗大幅下降,质量分数20%氨水的消耗量由10 t/d下降到3 t/d。     

铜冶炼电收尘灰浸出液与硫化砷渣综合处理工艺研究

介绍了一种铜冶炼电收尘灰酸浸液与硫化砷渣的联合处理工艺。确定了铜冶炼电收尘灰浸出液与硫化砷渣最佳反应条件为:加入硫酸铜量为理论铜与砷摩尔比1.1∶1,反应温度85℃,反应时间2 h,铜离子质量浓度15 g/L,初始硫酸质量浓度30 g/L。     

Performance evaluation of a bubble generator and a bubble separator designed for the gas removal system of a small thorium molten salt reactor

In the present study, a bubble generator and a bubble separator were designed and evaluated for an independent off-gas removal system of a small thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR) with reference to the design of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ONRL). The bubble generator employed a Venturi tube as its main body owing to its simplicity and highly reliable structure. A centrifugal separator was used as the bubble separator, taking advantage of the kinetic energy of fluid to create a centrifugal force to separate gas bubbles from the mixture flow. Both the bubble generator and the separator were demonstrated to have good potential to meet the performance requirements of an off-gas removal system for a small TMSR. With water and air as the working fluids, for the final designs of the two key pieces of equipment, a liquid flow rate exceeding 15 m~3·h~(-1) can essentially make their performance meet the requirements of the off-gas removal system in terms of the average size of the generated bubbles and gas separation efficiency.     

Optimization of a continuous ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process of diesel using response surface methodology (RSM) considering operating cost

A continuous-flow ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization(UAOD) of partially hydro-treated diesel has been investigated using hydrogen peroxide-formic acid as simple and easy to apply oxidation system. The effects of different operating parameters of oxidation stage including residence time(2–24 min), formic acid to sulfur molar ratio(10–150), and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio(5–35) on the sulfur removal have been studied using response surface methodology(RSM) based on Box–Behnken design. Considering the operating costs of the continuous-flow oxidation stage including chemical and electrical energy consumption, the appropriate values of operating parameters were selected as follows: residence time of 16 min, the formic acid to sulfur molar ratio of 54.47, and the oxidant to sulfur molar ratio of 8.24. In these conditions, the sulfur removal and the volume ratio of the hydrocarbon phase to the aqueous phase were 86.90% and 4.34, respectively. By drastic reduction in the chemical consumption in the oxidation stage, the volume ratio of the hydrocarbon phase to the aqueous phase was increased up to 10. Therefore, the formic acid to sulfur molar ratio and the oxidant to sulfur molar ratio were obtained 23.64 and 3.58, respectively, which lead to sulfur removal of 84.38% with considerable improvements on the operating cost of oxidation stage in comparison with the previous works.     

Feasibility of CANON process for treating nitrogenous wastewater containing heavy metals

The appearance of heavy metals in wastewater brings a major burden to wastewater treatment plants, due to the high toxicity to microorganisms. Several commonly used heavy metals, including Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were adopted to clear the individual and joint toxicity to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in six sequencing batch reactors. The obtained results suggested that the nitrogen removal performances were transiently inhibited, but rapidly recovered. The restoration period under the stress of Hg(II) and Pb(II) was shorter than that under Zn(II), Cd(II), and the joint heavy metals. During the long-term exposure, Cd(II) in 1mg L⁻¹ slightly inhibited the nitrogen removal, while Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and mixture showed a negligible impact on CANON process. The defense of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the good adaptability of functional bacteria, and the inducement of resistant genera by heavy metals all contributed to the robustness and stability of CANON process. Therefore, it is feasible to treat nitrogenous wastewater containing low heavy metals using CANON process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry